All posts by Carmen Gomaro

Carmen Gomaro - leading international news and investigative reporter. Worked at various media outlets in Spain, Argentina and Colombia, including Diario de Cádiz, CNN+, Telemadrid and EFE.

Feijóo will activate the judicial process against the amnesty and is willing to take it to Europe to stop it

If the Government ends up approving a hypothetical amnesty for the crimes of the process, Alberto Núñez Feijóo will put all his resources to fight it. The PP would not only appeal to the Spanish Justice, but is already studying the possibility of raising the issue to the European courts, according to the sources consulted.. But in Genoa they emphasize that “nothing is decided until we see the text.”. if an initiative is finally presented that more or less directly addresses the clean slate that Junts per Catalunya demands in exchange for voting in favor of the investiture of Pedro Sánchez.

“There is a part of Europe to which, with the amnesty, we are telling that the crime did not exist” that the Spanish Justice has already judged “because Sánchez does decide it based on his professional needs,” they explain to this newspaper at the address national of the popular. “We will look for a way for this issue to also have visibility in Europe,” they add.. «The Amnesty Law, when it arrives, we are going to fight it by land, sea and air, and we are not going to allow inequality of treatment between Andalusians, for example, and Catalans, and even between first-class Catalans, those of the process, and the rest. », explains a spokesperson for the Popular Party.

Génova considers reaching any community body – the Constitutional Court generates, today, “suspicions” – and raising its voice in any forum of political denunciation. In that sense, Feijóo has announced a territorial offensive against the amnesties, as EL MUNDO announced on September 7, through motions for the socialists to “portrait themselves”. «The response to the separatist challenge cannot be a mere dialectical confrontation between Genoa and Ferraz. Responsibility is collective. No politician will be able to hide his opinion. We will take an initiative in favor of the equality of Spaniards and against the privileges of pro-independence politicians in the courts, assemblies, and city councils,” he assured, during his speech before the National Board of Directors of the PP, the party's highest body between congresses.

This is how they explain it in the circle of the president of the most voted party: “We are not going to let the internal pressure within the PSOE only come from people from the PSOE like Felipe González, Alfonso Guerra and other leaders of the past.”. “Now we want to ensure that those who continue to receive payments from the PSOE have the opportunity to be consistent with their past decisions and statements.”. “We are going to make those from the PSOE say that they are fine with the amnesty” in each municipality and community, they insist.

“Tension the PSOE”

“We will look for more formulas to put pressure on the PSOE before the investiture,” confirm the same sources, who add that the PP will also use its absolute majority in the Senate to “try to stop Sánchez” in the hypothetical case that he finally brings the amnesty to the courts.

Feijóo told his barons that he does not have the numbers because he is not going to give in the same way as the general secretary of the PSOE: “I prefer that we can look each other in the eyes of the opposition than that we have to lower our heads to enter La Moncloa». “I would rather pay the price of a no for defending” that Spain needs unity and reforms “than pay the price for a yes to misgovernment,” said the popular leader.. «It is tempting, and even easy, to choose that path to Moncloa, but I can assure you that this will not happen.. It is always worth choosing the path of freedom in the face of those who endanger it, it is always worth choosing dignity, especially when indignity threatens to overwhelm everything,” he solemnized right after.

In his speech, the leader of the PP insisted on the idea that Sánchez would commit a kind of fraud on his electorate if he approved an amnesty, because he did not have it in the program: “Neither the PP nor the PSOE have asked the Spaniards for consent to break with the equality of all citizens before the law. “No one has given their consent to demolish the rule of law in exchange for a few votes.”

In this way, the president of the PP activates the opposition mode, in case Sánchez's parliamentary majority is consumed.. But, he immediately proclaimed that he will arrive at La Moncloa “now or soon”. “With all certainty, the path has begun that will lead us to govern Spain now or soon, it will not be through auctions, shortcuts or deception, and it will not be by abiding by what the minority imposes on the majority of Spaniards,” he stressed.. “It will be through commitments to the majority of citizens and families, now or soon,” he said.

That is why he places great value on his investiture speech and on having accepted the King's proposal: «Now this investiture process is more important so that what millions of Spaniards think and want for this country is not silenced. “The PSOE has tried to despise 8 million [PP] voters by not recognizing the results of the elections.” «And then», Feijóo continued his argument, «he has tried to despise 11 million and has tried to silence the investiture, and they have cornered us simply because what is in our program is nothing that is being talked about now to invest Sánchez ».

Blondes? Who is Rubiales?: this is how the national team tries to forget its former president

Normally, taxi drivers are a good thermometer to know what is happening in a city. The taxi drivers. Two of them did not know who was playing today in Los Cármenes. Another was also confused: “When does Spain play here?”

A look at the airport, after 1:30 p.m., gave another idea that people were a little confused about the game.. While the bus waited at a side door of the airfield, there were almost more Civil Guards than fans. From the plane, which moved a lot on landing, turning some of the stomach upside down, an expedition got off where the nerves are still on edge, and where everyone looks askance at the person next to them.. Pedro Rocha, the current president, was not in charge, on whose figure everyone's eyes now rest to know what direction he is going to take, whether the one established by the statutes or the one requested by the Government, who knows if incompatible with respect to that internal regulation. The president did not travel with the absolute team and did so by car to Jaén, where the under-21 team played. Today he will be in Granada.

To know more
Whispers of sport. The chain of pressures, intrigues and interests that ties Jenni Hermoso to the resigned Rubiales

The chain of pressures, intrigues and interests that ties Jenni Hermoso to the resigned Rubiales

Soccer. From his rudeness in the box to his resignation: chronology of the Rubiales case

From his rudeness in the box to his resignation: chronology of the Rubiales case

Given the resignation of Rubiales on a Sunday night, without prior notice (although there are voices that maintain that there were people in the Federation who did know), they have chosen to pretend that Rubiales does not exist. They don't go so far as to use that thing about Rajoy – “that person you're talking to me about” – but the strategy is to never talk about him again, about that kind of ghost that nevertheless flies over everything that happens. «There must be some knives there…». The phrase is uttered by a travel veteran with the team looking towards the bench, where several members of the expedition, much smaller than usual, are chatting.. There is hardly any news from Rubiales's entourage, although some walk around Granada with the fly behind their ear.

The best example of this interest in ignoring the very existence of Rubiales was Luis de la Fuente's press conference.. As it could not be otherwise, there was interest in knowing what the coach thought about the matter, but there was no way. There were half a dozen questions to Luis de la Fuente about Luis Rubiales and his resignation. The journalists tried to push the envelope to try to ask questions that would not be easy to escape.. What do you think of the resignation? Does it affect the team? What did you think when you found out? And so a good time in the press room. The only striking thing is that he said he had not spoken with the president who appointed him to office, a detail, by the way, that bothered him a lot (that someone reminded him that it was the president who appointed him).

THE SIXTH QUESTION

It was the sixth question about Rubiales that unleashed tension in the room. They told him that if he had spoken to the man who had placed him in the position where he is now. «I have been in the house for 11 years, I am now starting year 12. I've been there for more years than Rubiales. Nobody has given me anything, let's be clear, what I have I have earned.. I am a grateful man to all the people who have helped me, but that's it,” and at the journalist's insistence, he was curt: “No, I didn't talk to him.”. Now, in theory, with the FIFA suspension over and with him gone, he could now. But not.

At that moment, the press officer of the Spanish team spoke: «Six questions about the resignation of Luis Rubiales have been answered.. The coach has already said what he had to say and if anyone has any more questions, that do not have to do with the resignation, please go ahead.. Because he has already answered six questions about Rubiales in the run-up to a match.. The silence could be cut. There were more questions about other aspects. Inconsequential.

The objective, then, is not to talk about Rubiales again, who by the way is from Motril, province of Granada. A city that is going to fill the stadium tonight even if the taxi drivers are going to something else. Perhaps because of the memory of Sabina in the bullring.

The judge admits the Prosecutor's complaint against Rubiales and requests the videos of the non-consensual kiss

The head of the Central Court of Instruction 1 of the National Court, Francisco de Jorge, has admitted to processing this Monday the complaint presented by the Prosecutor's Office for crimes of sexual assault and coercion against the former president of the Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) Luis Rubiales for the kiss to the player Jennifer Hermoso in the final of the Women's Soccer World Cup.

In an order, the magistrate agrees to the first steps in this procedure, including obtaining from RTVE the video or videos that they have in their files that record the moment from all angles in which the defendant kisses the complainant, as well as the minutes immediately before and after the event related to the celebration of the victory of the women's soccer team.

In addition, the instructor requests from the newspaper El País the video of the celebration in the locker room that is posted on the Internet and from the newspaper AS for the moments of the kiss and any others related to the events.. For his part, the instructor requested the video of the celebration on the bus of the Spanish women's soccer team from the newspaper La Vanguardia.

The resolution transfers the Prosecutor's brief to Rubiales as the defendant so that he can learn about the alleged facts and exercise his right of defense with all procedural guarantees.

Ian Wilmut, 'father' of Dolly the sheep, who refused to clone humans, dies

The “father” of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from adult cells, has died at the age of 79. British scientist Ian Wilmut transformed scientific thinking at the time by demonstrating that they could use specialized cells to create an exact copy of the animal from which they came, something that scientists had until then believed was impossible.

“Sometimes when scientists work hard, they also get lucky, and that's what happened,” Wilmut told Time magazine.. Nearly 30 years later, his discovery continues to drive many advances in the field of regenerative medicine.

Dolly's father was born in the county of Warwickshire in the West Midlands, the son of two teachers.. He studied at Scarborough school, where his father, who suffered from diabetes for fifty years and would go blind, taught mathematics.

At school he first became interested in biology.. However, his true desire was to pursue a naval career, something he had to give up due to color blindness.

To know more
Science. Chinese scientists create a 100% robotic pig cloning process

Chinese scientists create a 100% robotic pig cloning process

science. Dolly the sheep, the experiment that revolutionized biology

Dolly the sheep, the experiment that revolutionized biology

As he worked as a laborer on a farm on weekends, he ended up enrolling in Agriculture at the University of Nottingham, although inspired by researchers from the University itself, he gradually turned towards animal sciences.

In 1966, Wilmut spent eight weeks working in the laboratory of Christopher Polge, who is credited with developing the cryopreservation technique.. With him he worked on methods of preserving semen and embryos by freezing, which ended up leading to the birth of Frostie, the first calf born from a frozen embryo.

Sir Ian Wilmut then moved to the Animal Breeding Research Organization (ABRO), predecessor of the Roslin Institute, in 1973, to continue working on reproductive cells and embryos.. Specifically, he became involved in a project to produce genetically modified sheep, which would produce milk with proteins that could be used to treat human diseases.

As the project progressed, it became clear that to achieve its goal it needed a new, more efficient method, so he began leading the team that developed cloning techniques to produce genetically modified sheep.. On July 5, 1996, Dolly was born, in honor of the singer Dolly Parton, forever revolutionizing the world of cloning.

Wilmut's work “had a global reach,” says Professor Bruce Whitelaw, director of the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh, where the miracle took place.. Whitelaw emphasizes that his legacy continues to inspire numerous discoveries in “the research of human and animal biology.”. Their cloning method was replicated in 2005 with dogs in Korea and then, in 2018, by Chinese scientists with monkeys.. In recent years, science has aimed to recover the woolly mammoth through a combination of gene editing and cloning.

The year after Dolly's creation, US President Bill Clinton imposed a ban on the use of federal funds for human cloning.. Wilmut would have to live with this controversy for a good part of his career.. “Cloning a human being would be an irresponsible act,” since, apart from the ethical problems that arise, “cloning in other animals has not been successful, and anomalies have occurred in development,” he concluded at a Congress in Barcelona in 2002.

Unfortunately, the first cloned living being had to be sacrificed on Friday, February 14, 2003 due to a lung disease very common among adult sheep.. And five years later Wilmut announced that he was abandoning the cell nuclear transfer technique by which Dolly was created, in favor of an alternative technique developed by Shinya Yamanaka.

Wilmut believed that this method had more potential to treat patients with strokes and heart attacks, but also to treat degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's.

With that idea he moved to the University of Edinburgh in 2005, and the following year became the first director of the MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine (now part of the newly created Institute of Regeneration and Repair).. Precisely trying to cure degenerative diseases, Wilmut announced in 2018 that he suffered from Parkinson's, and continued to dedicate the rest of his life to researching this disease.

In the New Year of 2008 he received the title of Sir, and the same year, together with Keith Campbell and Shinya Yamanaka he received the Shaw Prize for Medicine and Life Sciences.

“We have lost one of the best-known pioneers of science,” said Whitelaw.. “He was a titan of the scientific world,” said Professor Sir Peter Mathieson, chancellor and vice-chancellor of the University of Edinburgh.

The national suicide prevention plan, an electoral commitment that is "urgent" to fulfill: "We have to try to stop people from thinking about killing themselves"

Of every 100 deaths in the world, one is due to suicide (703,000 per year). In Spain, 11 people take their lives every day believing that there is no other way out of their pain.. There is in most cases, but they can't see it. Today, like every September 10, World Prevention Day is commemorated so that this message becomes stronger: helping to find an alternative to death is a collective task and not achieving it is a social failure.

Massive demonstration in Madrid to demand a national plan for suicide prevention. Atlas

Suicide is the leading cause of external mortality in the country. For every person killed in a traffic accident, there are three who have taken their own lives.. Experts have long demanded a change of outlook in the political sphere so that suicide becomes a priority, that it is not limited only to the field of mental health and that it is addressed as a public health problem from a comprehensive perspective.

Spain still lacks a state-level plan and the work of prevention and intervention has fallen to the Autonomous Communities under the argument that they have transferred health responsibilities.. From the Government, the only step to implement a national strategy was taken by Carmen Montón in 2018 but her resignation left it in the drawer of oblivion. Last October, UPN tried to push it through the Senate and its proposal was shot down.

PODCAST
Eleven lives. To you who think about taking your life: “You are not alone, you are not alone, ask for help”

To you who think about taking your life: “You are not alone, you are not alone, ask for help”

The growing increase in deaths and suicidal ideation and the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of the population seems to have generated, however, greater awareness. In April, Congress approved that family members of people at risk had the right to leave to care for them and for the first time in the electoral programs of June 23, the main political forces committed to strengthening the measures.. Both PP and Sumar promise to articulate a national strategy, the PSOE one focused on combating suicide among young people and VOX to reinforce existing programs.

There is no investment in activating quality and sufficient resources in prevention, intervention and postvention.

Magdalena Pérez Trenado, clinical psychologist. Telephone of Hope.

“We cannot continue to be oblivious to one of the biggest problems that society suffers, which has effectively increased after the pandemic,” acknowledged the leader of the PP, Alberto Núñez Feijóo, in the campaign, empathizing with the pain of a death by suicide.. “I know well the impact on the family. You never forget that, you will never get over it. More and more Spaniards know and had a friend who took his own life. Our obligation to act and do it as soon as possible.”

“It is necessary and urgent”

While waiting to know the plan of the future executive, whoever ultimately governs, prevention experts explain why it is necessary and what initiatives it should include.

“It is necessary and urgent” that it be implemented, says Magdalena Pérez Trenado, clinical psychologist, volunteer at the Telephone of Hope as national person responsible for suicide prevention, recalling that in countries where strategies have been developed “consensus and developed with will and responsibility real policy” rates have been reduced significantly. Under this conviction, this entity, which has been offering listening and empathy to people in crisis for more than 50 years, has been promoting the 'Let's make a plan' initiative together with the National Platform for the Study and Prevention of Suicide for more than a year. urging political forces to take action '[READ THE MANIFESTO]'.

Pérez Trenado, who dedicates a large part of his life to “healing emotional wounds and creating networks that sustain,” warns that despite the “worrying” death tolls, there is no investment in “activating quality and sufficient resources” in prevention, intervention and postvention. All the Autonomous Communities have specific plans, but “many fail to follow some WHO recommendations, most of them in relation to financial resources, which is why they demand that a part be dedicated to prevention in the” general State budgets. of suicide in this country” and a National Suicide Plan is drawn up that “integrates, serves as a reference and coordinates” all the regional plans: “That everyone, wherever we live, has quality help resources. May we move forward learning from each other, together and coordinated.”. This state strategy, he insists, must move away from any “partisan” temptation and not become a “new political tool to get votes”: “Suffering, extreme emotional pain, does not understand colors or ideologies, we cannot and should not do of this plan a short-term strategy that has political benefit as its goal.

Magdalena Pérez believes that in recent years the silence on suicide has been broken but there is still “a long way to go” and calls for “taking action”, so that this current greater awareness “is transformed into real policies that allow prevention.” , save lives and take care of people”.

Associations and telephone numbers that offer help Dropdown

-In case of an imminent life-threatening emergency, call the emergency number 112 directly.

-If you have suicidal ideation 024

– Hope Telephone: 717.003.717.

– Suicide Prevention Telephone (Barcelona): 900.92.55.55.

-ANAR Telephone/Chat for Help for Children and Adolescents 900 20 20 10

– Telephone Against Suicide – La Barandilla Association (Madrid): 911.385.385.

— RedAIPIS-FAeDS Association

– Papageno 633 169 129 vivos@papageno.es

-The Yellow Girl Association

-P81 Social Association

-APSAV. Association for the prevention of Suicide. Green Hugs. Asturias

– AFASIB (Family and Friends of Suicide Survivors of the Balearic Islands (Balearic Islands)

– HELP. Basque Suicideology Association

– APSAS: Association for the Prevention of Suicide and Assistance to Survivors. (Gerona)

– APSU: Association for the prevention and support of those affected by suicide (Cdad. Valencian)

– ASAM: (Burgos).

– KISSARKADA-Hug: Navarra.

– BIZIRAUN: Basque Country

-BIDEGUIN: Basque Country

– After the Suicide: (Barcelona)

– Alaia Foundation (Madrid)

– Metta-Hospice Foundation (Valencia)

– Goizargi: Navarra

– León Survivors Group.

– There is Exit, Suicide and Duel: (Cantabria)

– Ubuntu (Seville)

– Light in the Dark Association (Tenerife)

-Return to Live Association (Tenerife)

She is one of those dozens of people who every day try to offer hope to others who want to hold on to life but no longer know how to do so.. And from this listening to pain arises the conviction that to combat suicide and pain, “deep changes” are required in social, employment, housing, and health policies…: “A person who is and feels deeply alone can easily become disconnected, isolated and lose the will to live; a person who needs to work in several places in precarious working conditions to raise their children with hardly any time to see them will not be able to remain emotionally strong for long; a person who need specialized mental health care; they cannot wait weeks, sometimes months, to have a first consultation, or have brief appointments very spaced out in time when what they need is continuity to sustain themselves; a primary care professional has it very complicated to detect suicidal tendency in a consultation with an average of six minutes maximum for each patient and without specific training that gives them resources and security, which can be translated by the professional into fear, helplessness and/or avoidance of the more in-depth encounter due to not being able to do it with time and quality.

That first step to move forward, he assures, is to “connect us all” to a National Plan that allows us to have human and material resources and strategies to continue building those “networks that sustain and sustain us, that allow us to prevent, care for and facilitate a social environment in the worth living.”

Essential measures

1.Raise awareness and improve information for the general population and people at higher risk of suicide and advise the media.

2. Measures to manage access to lethal methods. Regulate access to chemicals, weapons, places or architectural elements in cities…

3.Intervention:

*Train professionals and take care of Primary Health Care services, specialized Mental Health services, social services, emergencies and security forces and bodies.

*Promote preventive action and intervention programs in educational contexts and develop a specific action plan on social networks and other digital media.

*Support and strengthen social entities in the third sector that work or support initiatives related to suicide prevention, as well as those that accompany people and their families.

4. Research and training. Strengthen and promote evidence-based practices, promote an increase in the teaching load in undergraduate and postgraduate university studies in relation to the topic of suicide, promote improvements in the statistical studies of the INE and the Institutes of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences and create an Observatory of Suicidal Behavior in Spain at the National Level.

“Suicide prevention must be taken out of the white coat”

“A national prevention plan gives priority to this phenomenon and allows explicit recognition by the Government as a public health problem that requires a structural framework and an action model for its prevention,” explains Susana Al-Halabí, professor at the Department. of Psychology from the University of Oviedo and specialized for 15 years in the prevention of suicidal behavior. In his opinion, it is essential that this strategy, and the resources, be based on “scientific and technical criteria” and on the experience of experts from the WHO and other countries, as well as offering a “working framework” in which they are indicated. both the objectives, “what results we can expect in the short and long term”, as well as the groups involved, the collaborative agents and “what approach or conceptualization guides decision-making, since it is not the same to analyze suicidal behavior as a mental disorder linked to the clinical field, rather than considering it a problem anchored to the biographical context of people and, therefore, to political, social, economic factors, etc.”.

Currently, there are 40 countries that have articulated a state plan and among them are the US, Denmark, New Zealand, Austria, Switzerland, Ireland, Scotland, Germany, Finland and Norway.. Ireland is, according to this specialist, the European country that Spain should look to when developing a plan due to the years of “advantage” it has and its firm commitment to research.. And do so knowing that reducing deaths is a “complex issue that requires time”, that “multiple simultaneous measures must be taken to have a real impact” in the medium term, that “it is necessary to identify the human and economic resources” that can give results. and reduce death rates significantly.

CARLOS GARCIA POZO

Four proven effective ones were included by the WHO in its 2021 Living Life guide to guide governments in their national prevention strategies: limit access to the means of suicide; engage with the media to responsibly report on suicide; promote social and emotional life skills in adolescents; and early intervention for people with suicidal behavior.

Despite the delay in implementing prevention actions and the possible future difficulties, this expert's view is hopeful: “There are many professionals and institutions who are very critical of the gaps that still exist and I am aware that we are arriving late and there is much that needs to be done.” work, but it is also fair to recognize that there has been great progress”. And these steps forward include that the reality of suicide is addressed responsibly in some media, with specific coverage or campaigns on television and that help resources are included in the informative pieces.. Also 024, the telephone number to offer listening and help in the face of suicidal ideation that was launched by the Ministry of Health, which “although it is an insufficient and improvable measure, I want to believe that it is a step that is leaving its impact on the population.”

Suicide prevention
Special. All the reports from the Once Lives series

All the reports from the Once Lives series

Through campaigns you can get people to lose their fear of speaking

Susana Al-Halabí, psychologist. Oviedo University

The dissemination of public campaigns, one of the actions that can promote a national plan, is, in his opinion, key to continue advancing. Through them it is possible for “people to lose their fear of asking”, of speaking, for the person who suffers to see that “what is happening to them, these ideas of suicide or this loss of meaning in life, is not something that something is wrong or “broken” in him or her”, that it can also happen to others who are going through difficult or painful situations and that it is a good idea to tell someone you trust to receive the support or care and help necessary in that moment. Pain, suffering, losses and difficulties are inevitable in life, but the fact that a person feels supported during these situations or processes is not.. Simplifying greatly, we could say that one of the differences between people who commit suicide and those who do not are usually not so much the type of painful circumstances as other factors such as the lack of a sense of belonging, feeling like a burden to others. , the support systems and resources we have to face the difficulties that plague us at a certain stage. It is more a question of social inequality than a mere mental health problem,” he says.

PREVENTION CAMPAIGN IN QUEBEC

“If a person tells us that they are unemployed, that they have suffered a loss or that they have been diagnosed with a serious illness, we would not think of hanging up on them or stopping calling them, but rather we would go and accompany them and ask them what they need,” he points out. Susana Al-Halabí. Receiving “support or a call changes a person's relationship with their thoughts” of death. In this sense, Susana Al-Halabí, coordinator with the psychologist Eduardo Fonseca Pedrero of the Manual of psychology of suicidal behavior (Editorial Pirámide, 2023), highlights that it is important to become aware of the “social problem that suicide constitutes beyond the fact that it represents a clinical factor”, that we stop seeing it as “a mere symptom of a mental disorder” and realize that “mutual care, support, values and the feeling of belonging is essential to understand this problem. “We must get him out of the white coat.”

In the opinion of this expert, it is essential to update the data surveillance systems and have the number of deaths by suicide in the current year to analyze whether the measures that are being implemented are effective or not.. The evaluation of results is an issue inherent to prevention science. Currently, there is a “delay” of one year since the INE usually publishes deaths by suicide from the previous year in December.. In that sense, he considers it essential that the records be unified and “destigmatized” to really know the number of people who take their own lives in Spain.

Essential measures

1. Increased training in evidence-based school-based prevention programs

2. Postvention measures to improve care for survivors (family and friends of a person who died by suicide)

3. Training of the media so that they communicate responsibly and become agents of prevention

4. Strengthen surveillance and restriction systems for lethal means because it is evidence that “when the methods are reduced, the possibility is reduced.”

“A state plan will be welcome but it arrives late”

Stopping seeing suicidal behavior as a mental health problem is, for Andoni Anseán, president of the Spanish Foundation for the Prevention of Suicide and the Spanish Society of Suicidology, one of the essential steps to reduce deaths and injuries in Spain. Attempts. So that a national plan is not “doomed to failure” it should be done from that multidisciplinary approach, understanding prevention as “something that encompasses all spheres of life, personal, social and community” and with all the groups involved: “It has to see social services, education, occupational risk prevention, first intervention forces, citizen awareness…”

Concrete, operational actions that can be measured and evaluated must be included.

Andoni Ansean. Spanish Foundation for the Prevention of Suicide

After years demanding a national strategy, Anseán is very skeptical and doubts that a future government will implement it. It appears in the PP and Sumar programs but he does not perceive greater political will to face this reality with determination. “The plan has gone through all kinds of processes, from absolute majorities to non-law initiatives, and has never seen the light. With Carmen Montón we were close, but from the national political parties, on this issue, we can only expect promises.'

If it goes ahead, “it will be welcome but it will arrive late,” he warns, to establish a roadmap. “During all this type there has been enormous development by the Autonomous Communities of both the autonomous plans and the educational sector. And although a state plan is always desirable, it should have been done a long time ago to be able to fulfill that guiding and framing function.. Everyone already has their own approach. It has been a missed opportunity for the Ministry of Health. “He bet everything on the mental health strategy and it is a fundamental error in his approach.”

Nor does he trust that a hypothetical state program includes financial support: “There are no budgets for suicide prevention and I do not believe that it is the state plan that is going to provide it or force it to be created,” says Anseán, recalling the figure ” “anecdotal” of 100 million that Pedro Sánchez awarded to the mental health plan.

Hundreds of people in Madrid ask to strengthen protection against suicides. ALBERTO DI LOLLI

The regions have made progress in suicide prevention in recent years but there are “many differences between them, both in content and form,” says this expert, highlighting as an example to follow the commitment of the Balearic Islands and Galicia to the creation of a network of specific care teams for people at risk. Currently, remember, there is also no communication channel between the different autonomies that makes it possible to know and monitor what measures are being effective in the different regions, a monitoring that could be carried out in the Interterritorial Health Council but is not done.

For this psychologist, it is a priority that efforts at the state level focus on obtaining data on suicidal attempts or ideation among the Spanish population.. In the national health survey, he recalls, citizens are not asked if they have attempted to take their own life or have planned it, which shows, in his opinion, that “there is a lack of concern about suicidal behavior.”. It is also not known how many people in this country have tried to commit suicide because these are cases that are not recorded.. “It's not easy to do it” but “nothing is easy in suicidal behavior,” he warns.. “We have a much better chance of obtaining this information from the health field, what happens is that the national health system is not prepared to carry out an investigation and record cases of suicide attempts,” he explains, trusting that the extension and development of the Suicide codes that are beginning to be implemented in the Autonomous Communities can make this monitoring a reality.

In Spain, the observatory that exists on suicide and that annually analyzes the data published by the INE each year belongs to the foundation that Anseán presides.. The Ministry of Health does have powers to create one at the national level and offer an x-ray of this reality that puts on the table the magnitude of the problem.. Remember that when the Foundation began “there was nothing”. No autonomous plan had been developed and there was only one association of survivors in Spain that cared for relatives or close friends, the one created in Barcelona by Cecilia Borrás, After Suicide-Asoc. of Survivors -DSAS, after the death of his son. Today, 25 non-profit organizations follow in its wake throughout the country.. “Things have changed in a dizzying way, there have been great advances in all the Autonomous Communities, the media, the population, but we have to continue betting on it and taking care of the problem. I would be delighted to advance in the next ten years what we have advanced in the last ten years. What is incomprehensible is that one of the actions that have been left pending is the state plan,” he says.

“I get the feeling that if it is done now it is because it is unpresentable not to have it,” he says, demanding that it not remain a mere declaration of intentions and that it be done by articulating “concrete, operational actions that can be measured and evaluated.”. In any case, he assures, “the CCAA is doing its duties even without assistance from the state plan and will continue to do them in the absence of the state plan.”

Essential measures

1. Awareness of society and the media. “What is a progressive cultural change

2. Training of all professionals. “There is no area of life that escapes suicidal behavior”

3. Resources, better staff and more professionals. “Reinforcement of care for people with suicidal behavior in the health field is required, but without forgetting that everything we do in the indicated prevention (people with suicidal behavior) is a failure of universal prevention (for the entire population) and selective (vulnerable and at higher risk groups). And all systems have to be “ordered and equipped.”

4. Act on “black spots” (places where suicide deaths frequently occur). That an amount be included in the budgets for public works to limit access or offer help or put dissuasive resources in black spots that cannot be physically limited,

Poster for the Samaritans association in London offering help to a person in crisis. “No one dares to talk about it and no one dares to ask you”

During the conversation, Andoni Anseán asks that a voice be given to the survivors, that group of people who have lost a person to suicide and who usually grieve alone, tormented by questions, guilt and under the weight of stigma.. Their main support network currently are the mutual aid groups that extend throughout Spain.

“The plans are to provide more professionals for those of us who remain and to prevent

Alberto Gomez. Survivor.

Alberto Gómez went to one of them three years ago after two decades suffering practically in silence the death of his brother at the age of 25, “without saying the word suicide or the word Eduardo”. He goes once a month to the Catalan association DSAS and there he finds listening without judgment, understanding and incentives to move forward.. “I will never be able to repay them for what they have done for me.”. Those two hours are pure life,” he says, demanding psychological attention and support for anyone who suffers an experience as traumatic as losing a family member to suicide: “The plans involve providing more professionals for survivors and for prevention, than the kids don't think about it. “That they take care of us, that they accompany us, that there are thousands as my coordinator.”

Alberto is a journalist and as such he also took refuge in words as therapy to give shape to that world of emotions and vital experiences that have marked his life.. In a few months he will publish Against Silence, a book that reflects the “experiences and sorrows” of grieving for suicide, of surviving each day a death so “hard to assimilate”: “It is a tsunami of loneliness and terrifying silence because no one you dare to talk about it and no one dares to ask you. “It's a scar that opens when you least expect it.”

“With such alarming numbers (of suicide), all help is insufficient. There is not enough help or resources and professionals to prevent nor are there tools or resources for the people who have been left behind.. Small entities that juggle to be able to serve many people,” he laments.

“Let's do things with seriousness, knowledge and depth”

Isabel Irigoyen Recalde is a psychiatrist and has been in charge of the development and implementation of the Aragon regional suicide prevention plan for three years.. He knows well the difficulties, the resources that are necessary and the many spaces for improvement in the fight against suffering.

We must promote the mental health of all citizens at every stage of their lives.

Isabel Irigoyen Recalde, psychiatrist

“Mental health is worsening in all age groups, especially among the youngest” and it is very worrying “because they are going to be the adults and parents of the future”. In the consultations, no major changes are observed with respect to the “pathologies”, which practically “remain the same” (depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) but there has been an increase in emotional discomfort and there will come a time, he warns, when ” “It will not be acceptable” for either public or private healthcare.. In his opinion, we must try to face it “not only by relying on healthcare” but by trying to ensure that citizens “know themselves better, can manage their emotions, rely on other things and not everyone needs healthcare.”. Ni psychotropic drugs. This expert warns that there is “excessive psychiatrization” and the citizens themselves demand “quick solutions” for the discomfort and “that is a serious error for which we will be able to pay dearly in the future.”

Irigoyen emphasizes in this sense that it would be a mistake “to make a state approach to a suicide prevention plan that ignores how to promote the mental health of all citizens at each stage of their life.”. “We have to try to stop people from thinking about killing themselves, to strengthen your self-concept, your way of solving day-to-day difficulties.”

In Spain, suicide prevention has begun to be addressed “very late” and in a “population that we call tertiary”, that is, people who already have the idea of taking their own life, he explains.. They are the ones the different regional intervention plans focus on and “obviously we have to do it because we have to reach at least that last moment to try to stop it” but a national level plan has to do “primary prevention”, prevention of diseases mental health and depression, which is what “causes one in every two suicides”, with awareness campaigns and promotion and strengthening of citizens' mental health through the media. “If this is not done we would have a very final state prevention plan, which does not go to the origin of the problem but rather to try to prevent people from killing themselves.”

Irigoyen emphasizes that the first thing to do when preparing this plan is to make a comparative study of the different autonomous plans and study the results, what has worked best in each region: “See what has been done until now and take advantage of it”. This strategy at a general level must establish homogeneity in some measures and raise awareness and disseminate content on mental health to society in general and specifically to the at-risk population, such as those under 16 years of age.

There is no need to be afraid to talk about death or refer specifically to suicide.. Doing it naturally in conversations in our environment, in an empathetic way, listening, without judging, is a “very useful” way of detecting “hopelessness” and both “passive” ideation (thinking about death but without the intention of killing oneself). or “active” (thinking about suicide), he says.

This expert does consider that there is greater political awareness “but those who have to make decisions are not well informed”. “An in-depth culture of what suicide is, where it comes from and how we can intervene has not yet been created.. There is a lot of ignorance about mental health. Politicians have to be well advised by professionals,” he emphasizes, using as an example the implementation of the 024 telephone line, “which clearly could be improved since it was born.”. “Let's do things with seriousness, knowledge and depth, with a good scientific and technical foundation behind. You cannot ideologize a mental health plan or a suicide prevention plan and we run that risk. Regardless of whether it is one political current or another, they have to seek advice from professionals from different fields because if not, they will surely be biased and will not commit the problem from all sides.”. And it is urgent to do it. Eleven people die every day.

Essential measures

1. Measures with a scientific basis and under the advice of specialized professionals

2. Campaigns to raise awareness and strengthen the mental health of citizens through the media.

3. Strengthen prevention in children under 16 years of age

Hair loss, climate change can also affect autumn loss

To understand why our hair falls out at one time more than another, we need to know the life cycle of hair.. It consists of three phases and, curiously, all of them are related to the number three.

What is the life cycle of our hair like?

First growth or anagen phase, which lasts an average of three years. It is the period in which hair is growing at its normal rate. Hair grows on average a month, more or less, one centimeter. In this phase the hair follicle is very well nourished and nutrients reach it without any problem.

Second transition or catagen phase. Lasts about three weeks. In this phase, the activity of the root stops and the hair stops receiving nutrients: the hair will stop growing and will remain like this, withering for a few weeks, like a flower that you pluck from the ground, before moving to the telogen phase. .

Third telogen phase, lasts about three months. This is the third and final phase of the hair life cycle: the hair no longer grows and is dying, on the verge of caramel. It will fall out at any time when washing or brushing our hair.

Fourth phase and end of cycle, start again. Now a new hair is born and a new anagen phase would begin. We must not forget that if a hair dies it is because there is another behind it pushing to be born.. Therefore, most of the time we are wrong when we talk about hair loss or fall.. It's actually renewal!

Is it true that hair falls out more in autumn?

It is true that statistically a greater drop is observed during the fall. This is because at the end of spring and beginning of summer the hair enters the last phase, the “terminal” phase which, as we have seen, lasts about three months.

That is, hair does not fall out immediately from one day to the next because it is autumn.. What happens when autumn arrives is that the hair has already been “caramel ready” for 3 months since spring.

Does climate change influence hair loss?

In addition to DANA, climate change has other unexpected dramatic effects. It is true that in recent years, coinciding with climate change, we have seen how the molt comes a little earlier in the months of August-September.

How long does it take to completely renew your hair?

In approximately four years all our hair falls out and we have new hair.. Although some animal species shed their fur all at once during a single time of year, in the case of humans this 'molting' is progressive.

Up to 90% of our hair is in a continuous growth phase, and 10% is in the loss phase.. This random loss, of some hairs yes and some no, has a great advantage and that is that it prevents us from suddenly appearing bald everywhere.. There is only one exception: newborns. At three or four months, babies lose practically all the initial fluff that covers their heads to make way for new hair.

How do I know if my hair loss is normal?

It is estimated that a person can have an average of one hundred thousand hairs, of which they lose between 50 and 150 every day.. Up to this point it is considered normal. If we lose beyond this amount it may mean that we are facing some pathology. But we cannot confuse this with alopecia-alopecia, which is permanent hair loss.

Do we have to take vitamin supplements in autumn for hair loss?

Fake! Specialists insist that almost all hair that falls out in autumn recovers and will reappear after three or four months, whether we take vitamin supplements with it or not.. It's as if we gave a woman a supplement to stop her period and we told her: “take this, it will go away in 4 or 5 days.”. Well of course it happens…. And this is the same: our follicles need to renew themselves just as the endometrium does with each menstruation.

So, why do we take vitamin supplements? Are they useless?

Of course they work! But not for what we have been told on many occasions.. They serve to improve the cosmetic appearance of the hair. It may appear brighter, more lustrous…. But not for it to grow more. They would only be useful if the person had a nutritional deficit, for example, in the event that there is a lack of biotin, iron, protein or zinc.. but this is not usually the main cause of hair. And if this is the cause, it would occur throughout the year, not just in the fall. Ah! And in any case, we can also get these nutrients through food.

Does women's hair fall out more in autumn?

Fake! What happens is that since they have long hair it is more noticeable.

Does pulling your hair or making tight ponytails help your hair fall out?

Fake! Although some “experts” recommend not putting a ponytail, the root of the hair is half a centimeter deep below the skin and this does not affect that much.. The hairs that we manage to pull out easily are because they are already in the last phase, half loose.

Can using gel, hairspray, shampoo or dyes cause more hair loss?

Fake! It can damage the hair, but not the roots.

Can hair fall out due to stress?

This is true! Emotional stress can also force more hairs than normal to enter the shedding phase.. Therefore, the fall will appear approximately three months after the stage in which we have been especially stressed.

Its name is as disturbing as the havoc it causes. The red fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) is one of the most invasive exotic species and the fifth most expensive to combat worldwide.. And to the chagrin of scientists, this dangerous and voracious insect whose painful bite is capable of causing anaphylactic shock in people and killing some animals has already settled in Europe.. This has just been confirmed by research led by the scientist from the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE/CSIC-UPF) Roger Vila, who does not hide his concern about the possibility that it will also settle in Spain.

The proof that this urban ant – it is very comfortable in cities – and very resistant is already in Europe are the 88 colonies that have been found in Sicily, specifically, near the city of Syracuse, in an area of five hectares .

As Roger Vila explains in a telephone interview, the alarm was raised by the residents of the area colonized by this species: “At that point in Syracuse there is a recreational boat dock, it is next to a river and is quite frequented.. The Italian authorities sent some technicians, who took photos and sent them to us. “We were shocked because it looked like it was a red fire ant, so we organized an on-site expedition to study the case and collect specimens.”

Taking advantage of the fact that one of the team members, Enrico Schifani, is Sicilian, he was chosen for that field work: “The local people explained to us that the bites had started at least in 2019, and taking into account how widespread they were already the 88 nests that Enrico has found, at least they have been there since that date. Later, by sequencing its DNA in the laboratory, we have been able to confirm both that it is this dangerous species and determine its possible origin.”

One of the nests located in the Syracuse area ENRICO SCHIFANI

It is not the first time that this insect has been detected in Europe, but it is the first time that its establishment on the continent has been confirmed.. Previously, specimens had been found in imported products in Spain, Finland and Holland.

Based on this analysis and as detailed this Monday in a study published in the journal Current Biology, these ants originally from South America would have arrived on our continent from China or the United States, where they are widely established, as well as in areas of Australia, where were detected at the beginning of this century and, according to Vila, they are threatening the celebration of barbecues, a widespread custom there.. “One of the problems of this ant is that it lives very well in urban and anthropized environments: it loves gardens, the grass of swimming pools or homes.. And it has an enormous density of nests that, in addition, are very large since one can only have tens of thousands of ants, while the nests of other species tend to be smaller.. And it's not usually an isolated bite, before you can run away, 10 or 15 ants have climbed up your leg.”

The biologist remembers that a similar problem has occurred with the tiger mosquito, another invasive species that has spread throughout our country: “It happens to me in my own garden, in Cardedeu, near Barcelona.. Before, during the day you could go out because there were no mosquitoes to bite you, and now you have to put on insect repellent all the time, it's a hassle and you end up not going out, especially in the afternoon. And the red ant is even heavier than the tiger mosquito,” he points out.

A sting similar to that of the Asian wasp

The sting of the red fire ant, Vila compares, is equivalent to that of the Asian wasp in its effects: “It is very painful and irritating. This ant injects substances called alkaloids, but depending on the person, they cause a greater or lesser reaction.. The normal thing is that you get a rash and it ends up going away after a few days, but in a low percentage of the population it causes anaphylactic shock, it is something that has happened. If you go quickly to the hospital and they inject you with cortisone or adrenaline, the reaction stops, but if not, it could cause death.. But I don't want to cause panic, because serious reactions are very occasional,” says the biologist.

A bite from this ant ENRICO SCHIFANI

In Spain, he explains, we also have some ants that sting, “but they are practically not found in cities, they are usually in natural spaces and they can sting if you put your foot near a nest, but this is something that does not usually happen.”

Their analysis also concludes that the European continent has a good chance of becoming a comfortable home for S. Among the most suitable cities, Barcelona and Madrid stand out, but also Rome, Paris and London: “We have done climate models to determine its possible expansion, and it seems that it could be distributed mainly throughout a good part of the urban areas of southern Europe and northern Europe. of Europe where it is not extremely cold, basically the main coastal cities of the Mediterranean and other large cities that have large parks and not extreme cold. Barcelona is perfect for expansion but almost all urban areas are suitable, and with climate change, the area in which it could expand increases a lot.”

To know more
Science. An 'alien' invasion without leaving Earth: 37,000 exotic species threaten the economy, food and human health

An 'alien' invasion without leaving Earth: 37,000 exotic species threaten the economy, food and human health

Biodiversity. Invasive species take a toll on the economy and health

Invasive species take a toll on the economy and health

For this reason, he explains, “in the countries that it has invaded, people end up spending a lot of money to try to eradicate it from their cities and their gardens, and it is complicated because they are very large colonies and you have to kill the queen, who never leaves the nest. , so in many cases you have to pay a service to eliminate it. The best method is to use poisoned baits so that the worker ants take them into the nest, feed them to the queens and they die,” he says.

But an added problem is that this species has two types of colonies: with a single queen or with many queens, like those that have arrived in Italy, “so to eradicate these nests you have to kill them all, and also, having many queens, they are bigger nests.

Cities are not the only habitat in which it makes its home. It also likes to live in natural environments, in humid areas, and it is precisely in these ecosystems where it displays one of the abilities that makes it so resistant: “As they usually live in flood-prone areas, they hook each other with their bodies, forming a raft. of hundreds or thousands of individuals that float, with the queen ants on top, so that when there is a flood, many species of ants drown but they survive.

A floating island of red ants, which join together to form a raft to survive floods ENRICO SCHIFANI

How did they get to Sicily? Roger Vila admits that they are not sure: “What had happened on other occasions was that it had been detected in ports, airports and places of commerce, in material arriving from other countries.. Then it is eliminated, which is very important because it has to be done conscientiously, although even so there are many invasive species that escape us and end up establishing themselves,” reviews the biologist, who affirms that one of the main forms of dispersion is the pots of the floors.

“With this red ant, we believe that they did not reach the affected area directly because there is no trade. Most likely they come from the port of Syracuse, which is a few kilometers away and, furthermore, the wind usually comes from there. It is likely that when the queens went out to fly they founded those colonies, so we believe it is likely that there are other colonies closer to that port but we have to go out and look for them,” he points out.

The red fire ant that is colonizing the world started from northern Argentina. From there it arrived in the United States a century ago, and little by little it has been spreading through Taiwan, China, the Caribbean, Australia and New Zealand: “In New Zealand they have managed to eradicate it three times, the last time was in 2009, when it was detected. a single mature nest, with thousands of workers. They drew a 2 km radius around it and it took them 3 years to eradicate a single nest, baiting it with poison.. “It is the only place where they have achieved it because they have great control of their customs.”

In addition to the indirect damage to biodiversity caused by the use of poison intended to kill the red ant, this species causes serious direct damage to ecosystems: “It is very aggressive, it stings a lot and displaces other ants, it has even swept away the Argentine ant, which we thought was impossible to move,” says. “We are concerned because it also affects vertebrates. Just as it stings people, it stings animals. It is a problem for ground-nesting birds, such as partridges, because they eat the chicks.. In South America, since they live in flood-prone areas with caimans, they even eat the caiman babies.. And it has been shown that they were capable of eating fawns, which are quite helpless at birth and take a long time to stand up.. If you are unlucky enough that there is an ant nest nearby, they can cover it, chop it and eat it because they really like to cut up meat,” he reviews.

Various ants in Sicily ENRICO SCHIFANI

Could it have been installed in Spain and not been detected? “The possibility exists but most likely it is not yet. What happens, and that's where the alarm comes from, is that it is capable of expanding very quickly due to human action and the wind.. In China it was discovered that it had established itself in 2004 and in 20 years it has colonized the entire south of the country, which is very large.”. In Spain, he adds, “there is no specific prevention plan because it has not been detected yet, but what is very important and is more or less done is the monitoring of all the products that arrive, and any invasive species is reported. to be detected, to act and put resources in place quickly because then it cannot be eradicated, only controlled, and that means spending money year after year, like the tiger mosquito or the Asian wasp,” says the leader of the study in which they have also Pompeu Fabra University and the Center for Ecological Research and Forest Applications (CREAF) participated, and it has received funding from the La Caixa Foundation.

Just last week, a comprehensive report from the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) estimated the global economic cost of the approximately 37,000 invasive alien species that are causing problems around the world at $423 billion annually.

Dolors Feliu, president of the ANC: "The amnesty gives rise to independence, now it's time for another wave"

Dolors Feliu (Roda de Ter, 1964) sees the amnesty of the promoters of 1-O as a favorable opportunity to finish off the secession attempt that the State managed to abort in 2017.. Face the Diada with the aim of promoting another 1-O.

Are you satisfied with the amnesty? The amnesty has to be linked to independence, to the recognition of self-determination to achieve independence. Is it just a starting point? If the amnesty arrives it is because there is a change of principles that makes it possible for facts that were previously considered punishable are no longer punishable. If the amnesty is presented as a pardon, a pardon conditioned on the fact that events such as those of October 1 do not occur again, it is obviously of no use to us. Do they ask that the result of 1-O be recognized? The result and, indeed, the fact that Catalonia can access independence through a democratic and peaceful means. Validate the method. That there is a way by which the independence of Catalonia can be achieved in peace. What do the pro-independence parties have to do after obtaining the amnesty? It defends another immediate unilateral declaration of independence. Whether or not the Spanish State gives the amnesty this sense of recognition of the right to self-determination for independence, in Catalonia it must be understood this way. If 1-O is recognized, obviously the Parliament has to launch a sovereignty process that leads to independence. It could be the recognition of the declaration of independence by the same parliamentary majorities, organizing another referendum for independence taking advantage of the fact that now it will no longer be punished and that it is recognized that nothing happens or, if they do not dare, holding elections so that we can put the This process is underway. Would the result of these elections be interpreted as a mandate to declare independence? Yes, it should serve to initiate a process by the Parliament of Catalonia to make independence effective. Your first attempt at independence was not recognized by anyone, not even internationally. Is this recognition essential? It must be taken into account that the declaration of independence was not made effective by the Catalan nation itself, the Catalan State was not truly proclaimed with all the corresponding consequences and symbolisms.. Therefore, it was not recognized internationally because we were the first to not recognize ourselves as a State. Are they considering returning to 2017? We have 2017 as a symbolic and important reference point for exercising the right to self-determination, but we are deeply democratic and we understand that, at this time, a statement is required by our current democratic representatives to revalidate what was done then. Put the Parliament again to decide a path to independence once the illegality that the Spanish State created around 1-O has been undone. The amnesty gives us the opportunity to move towards the final achievement, towards the effectiveness of the independence of Catalonia. Would the amnesty validate the capacity of Catalonia to hold another unilateral referendum? Yes, this would be the idea. The amnesty to cover that up and never do it again is of no use to us, we do not agree. Don't you fear another 155? Since we did not achieve independence, we were still subject to the rules of the Spanish State. If we did it we would not be subject. Do you applaud the conditions that Carles Puigdemont set to invest Pedro Sánchez? All the points he raised seem relevant to us, but there has to be a link to later make independence effective. It seems relevant to us to stop repression in the past and in the future, to stop criminalizing the independence movement, but the governability of a Spanish State cannot be favored without this free governability being ensured for Catalonia.. We want the freedom to govern ourselves in our country. We want to achieve independence, whatever the Spanish State says. Will the Junts leaders be booed at the Diada demonstration now that, like ERC, they are negotiating with the Government? I believe that President Puigdemont has presented it in a way much tougher and has not in any way ruled out not holding the investiture, and has proposed the recognition of 1-O, and removing the terrorist label from the independence movement. Voters from all parties and abstentionists go to the demonstration and, therefore, it is an amalgamation of feelings and demands. Will it be a demonstration against Spain? Against Sánchez's investiture? It is not against anyone, it is for independence. The movement does not want to harm anyone. But we do not see it clear to facilitate the investiture. How can a Catalan opposed to independence celebrate the Diada? September 11 commemorates the loss of the rights of Catalonia in 1714. And the demand is to recover this freedom to make their own rules. To what do you attribute the sharp decline in participation suffered by the 9/11 demonstrations? If the independence project is more designed and closer, obviously participation increases. But we have to remember that it decreased with Covid, but last year there was already a very high one and it continues to be the largest sustained in Europe and that does not change. Do you have the feeling that there is a restart of the process after years without a tangible objective? We have a feeling of a new stage, but we are not starting from scratch. The process is like a pendulum. Now it's time for another wave of independence. If the pro-independence parties do not meet their expectations, will they go to the regional elections with their own candidacy? We are planning to promote a civic list to propose elections to achieve independence. Should President Aragonès finish the legislature? I believe that the president of Aragonès does not have independence on his agenda, but rather negotiates small advances that he considers relevant, but within the concessions that the Spanish State can make. If he does not carry out his commitment to complete independence, it would be advisable to go to elections.