All posts by Carmen Gomaro

Carmen Gomaro - leading international news and investigative reporter. Worked at various media outlets in Spain, Argentina and Colombia, including Diario de Cádiz, CNN+, Telemadrid and EFE.

The genetic variant of African origin that slows down HIV infection

“We have discovered a new genetic variant associated with the slow progression of HIV infection, after studying the genomes of almost 4,000 people who live with the virus and have African ancestors,” says Josep Maria Miró, one of the researchers on the study who has just published Nature, and a senior consultant at the Infectious Diseases Service at Clínic Barcelona and Idibaps.

This genetic characteristic “is more present in people who, despite not taking HIV treatment, have a low amount of virus in their blood,” says another of the scientists involved in the finding, Javier Martínez-Picado, an Icrea researcher at IrsiCaixa.

To know more
Health. Study reveals how some HIV patients curb infections after stopping antivirals

Study reveals how some HIV patients curb infections after stopping antivirals

“Until now, in the previous studies carried out mainly with Caucasian people, this genetic modification had not been detected,” explains Javier Martínez-Picado, who indicates that the work has also confirmed the presence of a genetic variant on chromosome 6 previously found in the population. of European descent.

An infection that slows down in macrophages

The mutation, identified in the CHD1L gene present on chromosome 1, contributes to stopping the multiplication of the virus in cells. Specifically, in macrophages, key elements in the immune response and in maintaining the persistence of HIV infection.

The finding is due to a series of experiments with modified cells to express or not the gene. “When cells do not express it, HIV replicates with more difficulties; specifically, the most affected are macrophages, which are involved in activating the immune response and maintaining the viral reservoir”, explains Josep Maria Miró, Professor of Medicine at the University of Barcelona and researcher at CiberInfec.

According to UNAIDS 2021 data, some 38.4 million people are living with HIV worldwide.. Antiretroviral treatment manages to keep the infection at bay in the vast majority, although in 2021 650,000 people died of AIDS.

The viral load set point (in scientific jargon known by its English acronym, spVL) measures the concentration of HIV in the chronic stage of the infection, when the replication of the virus is more or less stable. The spVL varies among the infected population, depending on the ability of each immune system to control replication without antiretroviral drugs.

Factors such as the genetic profile of each individual influence this control, but most of the information in this regard comes from genomic analyzes of populations with European ancestors.

“Despite the high incidence of HIV infection in the African population, it is underrepresented in human genomics studies,” warns Javier Martínez-Picado. “Studies like this allow us to have a more representative genetic map of the global population.”

population variety

The results also show “the importance of carrying out genomic studies in populations of different ancestry to better address the specific medical needs of each person and avoid global health inequalities,” says the Irsicaixa scientist.

The research team, within the framework of the International Consortium for HIV Genomics, has accurately analyzed the genome of 3,879 people of African descent and HIV infection. The co-directors of the study are Jacques Fellay, from the Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne (EPFL); Paul McLaren, of the Public Health Agency of Canada, and Manjinder Sandhu, of Imperial College, London.

In addition to better understanding the peculiarities of the patients, the finding, says Josep Maria Miró, “helps to characterize the genetic variables that allow better control of HIV infection. They are variables that can serve as therapeutic targets”, he suggests and, in this way, “have different flanks from which to attack HIV”.

The ruinous business of Barcelona with Dembélé: each of his goals has cost 3.3 million

Seven years ago, Barcelona signed Ousmane Dembélé, with a checkbook, as a replacement for a Neymar for whom PSG paid 222 million euros. At that time, with an operation that could reach 135 million if all the variables were met, the Frenchman became the most expensive signing in the club's history.. At least, until, just a few months later, he was surpassed by the Brazilian Philippe Coutinho, who would later leave the Camp Nou to go to Aston Villa at a bargain price.

Now, the Frenchman will also pack his bags to go to the club chaired by the Qatari Nasser Al-Khelaïfi after also establishing himself as one of the most ruinous incorporations in the entire history of the Barcelona entity. And not only because of the 50 million euro transfer fee, of which he will pocket half if the team led by Joan Laporta fails to avoid it.. Above all, because of a baggage that does not justify, at all, neither the investment nor the expectations that were placed on his shoulders.

The way in which his departure from Barça has been developed has not gone down well with Xavi, his great supporter and architect of the fact that the club ended up reinstating him in July 2022, once his contract had already expired.. “I wish him all the luck in the world, but I'm a little disappointed with Dembélé. He told us that he was leaving and there has been no way to convince him,” the Barca coach said on Wednesday after the 0-1 win against Milan, with a goal from Ansu Fati, who after scoring hugged the Frenchman as a farewell. The winger, as planned, did not play the game.

Dembélé's decision contrasts, and a lot, with the pulse that the coach himself launched at the club in January of last year. So, the dome decided to leave the footballer in the stands, while the Terrassa coach insisted on the need to have the player on the pitch. In the end, of course, he got away with it. With the numbers in hand, the cost of Dembélé has been exorbitant. The investment to achieve his transfer, without counting his file, rose to around 135 million euros, given that many of the variables included were not excessively complicated to comply with.

discreet statistics

The statistics do not lie and his performances throughout his time as a Barcelona fan are far from justifying figures of authentic crack. Throughout his six seasons in the ranks of the Barça club, he has only played 185 official matches, in which he has scored 40 goals. Or, put another way, each goal by Dembélé, if we take into account only the amount paid for the transfer, has cost Barça almost 3.3 million euros.

Its availability, moreover, has not been up to par either. In the last six years, muscle injuries have been a drag. Before his arrival in Barcelona, he had hardly had any physical problems.. From the summer of 2017 until the end of last season, on the other hand, the Frenchman missed 116 games due to multiple ailments, including two muscle tears.. His season with fewer injuries was 2020-21, with six games in the dry dock. The worst was 2019-20, in which he lost 37 games.

His departure from the club will close with the payment of 50 million euros by PSG. In principle, both the entity chaired by Joan Laporta and the player himself should distribute them equally. At the club, however, they understand that Dembélé's way of acting when managing times to force his departure has not corresponded to the minimum required diligence and they want the amount that is pocketed to be finally somewhat less. A circumstance that, in fact, would be one of the reasons that would be lengthening in time an operation that, by all accounts, would already be more than closed. This Friday is the deadline to announce his departure to PSG.

Artificial intelligence is as good at detecting breast cancer as two radiologists, according to a study

An Artificial Intelligence (AI) program seems capable of reducing the workload of radiologists in breast cancer detection, according to the first data from a study published on Wednesday, although it is too early to conclude on its effectiveness.

Conducted in Sweden and published in 'The Lancet Oncology', this study also concludes that there is no risk of radiologists using artificial intelligence (AI) software to better target their analyses.

The researchers divided about 80,000 women into two groups of similar size.. All of them SE underwent a mammogram, but the first group was screened conventionally, that is, with the eyes of two independent radiologists, while the data from the second were examined first by an AI and then by a single radiologist.

The AI-assisted group had no worse results and even detected a slightly higher number of cancers.

On the other hand, the rate of “false positives” – cases in which the first test erroneously detects cancer – was similar.

Using this technology could cut the workload for these doctors in half because the procedure involving artificial intelligence only needs one radiologist.

promising results

These results are promising because screening tests are one of the main ways to fight breast cancer.. In countries like France, tests are very common among women between the ages of 50 and 74, in line with European recommendations.

“The big potential for AI right now is that it could allow radiologists to be less stressed by excessive amounts of reading” of analysis, said Kristina Lang, a radiologist at Sweden's Lund University and lead author of the study.

But Lang believes that these promising interim results are not “sufficient on their own to confirm that AI is ready to be implemented in mammography detection,” he said in a statement.

Despite the study, it is too early to conclude the interest of AI in this field and it will take several years to know if it has been as effective as human double opinion.

In this sense, the researchers plan to compare within two years the rate of cancers that have escaped detection but will have been diagnosed.

The study data do not shed light on the risk of “overdiagnosis,” that is, the detection of lesions that would not have developed into dangerous cancers without treatment.

The issue of “overdiagnosis” is the focus of criticism against the widespread testing policy, although research is increasingly confirming that it does serve to reduce mortality from breast cancer.

The risk of overdiagnosis “should encourage caution regarding the interpretation of the results,” cautioned oncologist Nereo Segnan, who was not involved in the study, in a comment to The Lancet Oncology, while acknowledging that it is promising.

Stephen Duffy, a professor of cancer screening at Queen Mary University of London who was not involved in the study, notes that AI may have overdiagnosed certain forms of early breast cancer, called ductal carcinoma in situ.

However, he praised this “high-quality study” and said that reducing the workload of radiologists is “an issue of considerable importance” in many breast cancer screening programs.

Neymar reappears with a double and gives the first victory to Luis Enrique's PSG

Luis Enrique learns to win with the French team thanks to the success of Neymar. The Brazilian, who returned to play this Thursday after being out for half a year, scored two goals in the 3-0 victory against Jeonbuk Motors of Korea. The other goal was scored by Asensio.

The Brazil international played his first game after the operation he underwent in March to repair an ankle injury. Present on PSG's Asian tour, the Brazilian forward had not yet played a single minute in the three friendlies that the Parisian team played in Japan.

Korean fans were able to enjoy the PSG star for 90 minutes, further embellished with a brace (minutes 40 and 83) and an assist to Spaniard Marco Asensio, who scored in the 88th minute.

The public was also able to enjoy the South Korean Lee Kang-In, signed in July but later injured in a thigh during the first friendly of the pre-season, who on this occasion played the last twenty minutes of the game.

This is the first victory for Luis Enrique's team in his tour of Asia, in which he has not had Kylian Mbappé. In the previous commitments they drew 0-0 with Nassr, lost 2-3 with Cerezo Osaka and 1-2 with Inter.

This is how Isco reconnected to professional football: "The most important part was the motivation he had to return"

It is a label that has followed him almost throughout his career, but that has been repeated especially in his last stretch as a Real Madrid player. “Am I fat?” asked Isco Alarcón (Benalmádena, 1992) on his social networks in 2018 while showing himself shirtless with marked abs. “I also hear the noise that I am lazy,” he recently said in an interview in Marca about the scrutiny he is subjected to in the same social media.

Rodrigo Carretero, co-founder of Crys Dyaz & Co and one of the Malaga soccer player's personal trainers, also recalls the criticism the player received. Isco started working with them two and a half years ago. “When we caught him, he was in Madrid without playing, compared to his teammates, they told him he was fat,” explains Carretero. The man from Malaga started with them with a body fat index of 10% (elite athletes are between 6% and 12%) and with supplementation and training they managed to lower it to 8%, in a short time.

Critics aside, Isco is back. The man from Malaga has signed for Betis after spending six months without a team after terminating his contract with Sevilla. He does it after a break in which he has taken the opportunity to get “physically like never before”, according to Rodrigo Carretero.

Isco has been carrying out, at his home in Madrid and at the gym, double daily sessions from Monday to Friday and “homework” for the weekend. “He works harder than in his entire life,” explains Carretero. Something that can be verified by watching the videos of their sessions on the player's social networks. “He has come to do squats with 150 kilos,” says the coordinator of his training sessions along with another coach, Dani Jiménez, who appears in many of the audiovisual pieces published by the man from Malaga.

But these six months without a team, like any footballer, have made him lose speed and something of a technical-tactical level.. “The dynamics of the team is important, but Isco has a magic wand, with a touch and a quality that is not seen. He is well above any First Division player and that keeps him going,” says the personal trainer.

In addition, there is a relevant part, which is what Pedri wore this summer: the importance of the upper body of the Cupero, which Isco has also worked hard with the team coordinated by Carretero. “Obviously, the lower body is the most important because it is the one that plays the most,” he points out. However, the coach equates footballers with sprinters and believes that to make them more complete they need to have a strong core and arms like them.. “In addition, the more muscle mass, the less fat percentage,” he adds.

Another fundamental part that the man from Malaga has worked on has been the mental part. Even if he turned to a specialist, he also relied on his coaches to be able to unload everything that tormented him.. “The mental part is very important, it is linked to the physical. If you look good, you will feel stronger, without pain”, adds Rodrigo and reviews the “great heart of the man from Malaga”.

Precisely, the footballer himself has been the one most responsible for being prepared for his return with Betis. A return that he chose himself and in which the factor Manuel Pellegrini, the coach who gave him birth as a footballer, was decisive when choosing the Verdiblanco club. “He is mentally very tough, he is used to putting up with pressure,” reveals Carretero. Isco will have to endure a lot.

After the failure in Seville and the frustrated signing by Unión Berlin, Betis could be the last trick to relaunch the career of the man from Malaga. A player who shone in Madrid, who shone in Spain and who elevated Málaga, but his light soon lost intensity. Although he, more than anyone, wants to turn it back on.

“The most important part of his return is the motivation that he has given him,” says Rodrigo and adds that “he sees him looking forward to it” and that this desire “was the key to keeping him in shape outside of a team”. The work of the man from Malaga and his assistants have already put him in the spotlight again.

'Vinidependencia' of a blunt Madrid and with a clear lack of goal that loses its second game in a row

It arrives and arrives, but does not mark. Generates and generates, but does not finish off. It could be the lack of a 9, it could be bad luck (seven suits in the last two games) and it could also be hits from the rivals. The fact is that Real Madrid says goodbye to their American tour with their second defeat in a row, this time 1-3 against Juventus in Turin and, as against Barcelona. with the feeling that Carlo Ancelotti's team deserved more.

The truth is that there is a Madrid with Vinicius and another without the Brazilian. The truth is that Joselu had three clear chances and missed all three and it is also true that Bellingham needs to be noticed more often. He has a huge class, but sometimes he disconnects from the games and, being engaged, that is like removing fuel from the bonfire.

Fourth game of the American tour, Ancelotti's fourth diamond. This system that the Italian coach has devised to incorporate the English into the Madrid eleven is beginning to show some weaknesses, especially when it comes to defending.

In practically every game, the Italian coach stressed the need to balance the defense-attack balance. And it is not the same to carry out that balance with Kroos, than with Tchouameni. You don't ask a goldsmith to prop up a cathedral vault, you ask him to make stained glass for you. Well that.

Kroos, and also Modric, like diesel cars that they are, were slow to wake up and, when Courtois had not finished buttoning his mitt, Keane, after a great play by Juventus, had already scored the first. Second 50 of the game.

Madrid tried to respond, but half the team except Camavinga and Vinicius were living up to the name of the stadium and seemed to be enjoying a beautiful brunch on the green of Camping World Stadium in Orlando more than playing a football match. The two Madrid midfielders lacked the tablecloth and champagne to toast Juve's second goal. Both were very out of the photo in Weah's goal.

Then, with the second blow in just 20 minutes, and on the back of Vinicius, Madrid went back to doing what they know. Dominate from the ball and harass the open grave. That awakening was caused by the same privileged observer of the two Italian goals. Kroos picked up a loose ball near Fran García's position and, at the first touch, invented a beautiful pass with just the right parable and force to launch Vinicius on the run. The Brazilian, as if he had been scoring goals all his life, defined without ruffling his hair.

Ancelotti said that Madrid's new number 7 “likes to play inside” because “in that position he can score more goals than before”. Nothing is further from reality. The goal came from where the Italian coach says he performs as “the best in the world” and the truth is that each penetration from that side was a real torment for the Italian defense, something similar to what happened in the game against him barca. Vinicius will be able to learn to play inside as he did with the definition, but that day has not yet arrived.

The first half ended with a white siege that if they had had a little more finesse in the Real Madrid boots, especially those of Lucas Vázquez, they could have found the equalizer before the break.

The second, on the other hand, was less exciting.. With much less to tell and, for the Real Madrid fan, a kind of cesspool when Vinicius retires at minute 75. The changes took the bite out of the team and there were barely any chances until the final minutes arrived.

ultimate madness

At 89', the referee decided to take a resounding penalty on Rodrygo from the area and this, like all previous fouls, crashed into the wall. It is worth remembering the personality and optimism of Joselu who, before being traded, took a direct free kick on the edge of the area from the entire Madrid audience led by Kroos. Winning is not lacking for the youth squad.

Returning to this final stretch, with a Madrid overturned, one of the great problems of this new Madrid became evident, the forcefulness in the areas. Shortly after Juventus got closer, he managed to get the ball into the Madrid net. Vlahovic was the one who closed the account for the Italians and the one who slipped that, even without being in shape, a nine is a nine.

A Sojourn into the Enchanting Realm of Spain: Unveiling Fascinating Insights into its Cultural Tapestry

A Sojourn into the Enchanting Realm of Spain: Revealing Intriguing Insights into the Cultural Tapestry

Embark on an enthralling expedition through the captivating heritage and intriguing traditions of Spain, a country adorned with a rich tapestry of history and allure. Discover a collection unique and captivating facts that shine a light on the enchanting wonders of this mesmerizing nation.

Photo: Spain.

Christopher Columbus, the intrepid Italian explorer, sailed under the sponsorship of the Spanish monarchy, but fate had more in store. In return for his momentous discoveries, Columbus was promised the prestigious title of “Admiral of the Ocean Sea” and a wealth of rewards.

Photo: Christopher Columbus

Spain fosters a liberal attitude towards gambling, with all forms of wagering legalized. Among the diverse options, the National Lottery claims a prominent place, accounting for an impressive 55% of all bets placed in the country.

Spanish, a linguistic marvel spoken by approximately 440 million individuals, holds the esteemed position of being the second most widely spoken language worldwide, only trailing behind Chinese. It serves as the official language in numerous countries, while regional languages like Catalan, Basque, and Galician thrive within Spain’s borders.

Photo: Spain.

Over the course of history, Spain has borne a tapestry of names, each reflecting a distinct facet of its identity. From “Iberia” cherished by North African settlers to “Hesperia” bestowed by the Greeks, and later “Hispania” coined by the Romans, the evocative past of Spain weaves an intricate tale, earning it the endearing moniker, the “land of rabbits.”

Photo: Spain.

Spain reigns as the unrivaled global producer of olive oil, commanding half of the world’s production. The lush region of Andalusia plays a leading role in this liquid gold’s cultivation. Impressively, Spain also stands as the foremost consumer of olive oil, representing approximately 20% of the world’s consumption, with Italy among its primary patrons.

Photo: Olive oil. Spain.

Boasting vast vineyard expanses exceeding 1.1 million hectares, Spain proudly claims its spot as the third largest wine producer worldwide. Renowned for its red wines, the country’s viticultural prowess extends to a diverse array of white and rosé wines, solidifying its standing in the winemaking realm.

Photo: vineyard. Spain.

Madrid’s iconic Puerta del Sol, colloquially known as the “Gate of the Sun,” assumes profound significance as the geographical center of the country. Designated as km 0 of the Spanish radial road network, this historic square witnessed the convergence of streets Alcala and Carrera de San Jeronimo, once separated by the “Sun Gate” constructed under the patronage of King Carlos I. The true origins behind the gate’s name remain veiled in historical mystery, perpetuating intrigue.

Photo:Madrid’s iconic Puerta del Sol. Spain.

Spanish children partake in a delightful custom involving Ratoncito Pérez, a little mouse. When a child loses a baby tooth, it is tenderly placed under the pillow at night, and in the morning, Ratoncito Pérez graciously swaps it for a small gift or a treasured monetary reward.

Photo: Ratoncito Pérez. Spain.

Welcoming the New Year with a flourish, Spaniards embrace the tradition of “twelve grapes.” As the clock strikes midnight, revellers joyously consume a grape with each chime, culminating in a total of twelve grapes devoured. This delightful custom is believed to have emerged as a creative solution for winemakers to sell surplus grapes.

Photo: “twelve grapes.”Spain.

Spain follows a distinctive surname tradition, granting individuals two surnames: one from their father and the other from their mother. This tradition has recently evolved, allowing more flexibility in surname choices.

Photo: Family.

The exquisite Alhambra, a UNESCO World Heritage site nestled in Granada, captivates visitors with its breathtaking Islamic architecture and enchanting gardens, offering an immersive journey into the past.

Photo: Alhambra.Spain.

Spain’s vibrant cultural tapestry is interwoven with a multitude of lively festivals, including La Tomatina, where participants joyously engage in a massive tomato fight, and the electrifying Running of the Bulls in Pamplona.

Photo: La Tomatina. Spain.

The cherished Spanish siesta, a time-honored tradition of taking a midday nap, reflects the country’s relaxed and leisurely lifestyle, allowing a brief respite from the day’s activities.

Photo: tradition of taking a midday nap. Spain

The iconic dance form of Flamenco, steeped in history, originated in the Andalusian region, captivating the world with its passionate movements and evocative music, drawing admirers from far and wide.

Photo: Flamenco. Spain

Spain boasts a literary heritage adorned with celebrated authors, such as Miguel de Cervantes, whose iconic work, “Don Quixote,” remains a timeless masterpiece, influencing literature for generations.

Photo: Miguel de Cervantes

Spanish cuisine delights with an eclectic array of mouthwatering dishes, from the delectable paella and tantalizing tapas to the delightful churros served with warm, velvety chocolate.

Photo: Paella. Spain.

The vivacious Spanish fiestas, brimming with exuberant parades, music, and dance, epitomize the nation’s zest for celebrating life and its vibrant cultural spirit.

The awe-inspiring Sagrada Família, a visionary basilica in Barcelona designed by the brilliant Antoni Gaudí, stands as an unfinished architectural marvel, fascinating the world with its unique blend of styles.

Photo: Sagrada Família. Spain.

Spain’s scenic landscapes are a nature lover’s paradise, from the pristine beaches of Costa del Sol to the majestic mountains of the Pyrenees, offering an enchanting canvas of natural beauty.

Photo: Costa del Sol. Spain.

Flamboyant bullfighting, an ancient tradition intertwined with Spanish culture, remains a subject of debate, with advocates praising its cultural significance, while critics raise concerns about animal welfare.

Photo: Spain.

Embark on an unforgettable journey through the wonders of Spain, a nation adorned with a captivating heritage, diverse customs, and a cultural allure that beckons exploration. With every intriguing discovery, Spain unfolds its mystique, leaving an indelible impression on those who dare to traverse its enchanting realms.

The EU fears a global food crisis due to the Russian blockade of grain in Ukraine

It is not a new concern, but it has redoubled in recent weeks. The EU warns that the Russian siege of tons of grain in Ukraine will cause famine in the most vulnerable corners of the world. The blockade of Russia, which unilaterally withdrew from the so-called Black Sea agreement in mid-July, “further aggravates the global food crisis, putting hundreds of millions of vulnerable people around the world at risk.”. It is the warning that Josep Borrell, High Representative of Foreign Affairs of the EU, has expressed to the 27 ministers of the branch through a letter collected by EFE.

“War is also waged by blocking food access to markets. European society must be aware that this is an endurance test”. It might seem like a recent statement, but these are some words by Josep Borrell a year ago now. A few days later, Ukraine and Russia closed an agreement, under the auspices of the UN and mediated by Turkey, to allow the export of the 20 million tons of grain that lay blocked at the gates of the Black Sea.. A movement, which Antonio Guterres, Secretary General of the United Nations, described at the time as “a beacon of relief”. Barely a year after its entry into force, on July 17, Moscow withdrew from the pact.

According to the United Nations Global Crisis Response Group, 1,200 million people on the planet are directly exposed to suffering a “perfect storm” due to the blockade of products such as sunflower oil, corn or fertilizers.. The turmoil of the war in Ukraine is cracking the seams beyond the confines of Europe. This week, the EU Statistical Office (Eurostat) revealed that food in the Eurozone costs 10.8% more today than a year ago.

These shocks are more acute in developing countries, especially in Africa and the Middle East, which have a strong dependence on grain from Ukraine, known as the world's “breadbasket”.. All this together with the adverse effects of climate change, instability in countries like Niger or the rise of terrorism and conflicts threaten to unleash strong exoduses from Jordan to Ghana. As an emergency measure, the Europeans are preparing an emergency financial package estimated at 18,000 million euros to alleviate the consequences of the food crisis in the most vulnerable areas.

In the middle, the battle for the story is fought. Russia accuses the Ukrainians of not fulfilling their part of the agreement and the Europeans of hindering the transit of grain with their economic sanctions.. While the EU has long warned that the Kremlin is using food as a weapon of war. “It is an inhuman attitude that is going to create a huge food crisis throughout the world,” said Josep Borrell, head of European diplomacy, at the last Foreign Affairs Council. During the meeting, held at the end of last month in the community capital, the High Representative accused Russia of bombing the infrastructure of the port of Odessa, destroying more than 60,000 tons of grain.. Continued attacks that raised dust and concern because they occurred closer than ever to NATO territory.

Also in the background, each side moves their chips to add allies and sympathizers on the world board. Putin plans a visit to Istanbul, which still has no set date, to meet with his Turkish counterpart, Recep Tayyip Erdogan. And it has already gone ahead announcing the free shipment of between 25,000 and 50,000 tons of grain to various African countries. The EU, for its part, activates its emergency calls to the G-20. “If the international community speaks with a clear and unified voice, Russia could reconsider and resume its participation in this vital initiative,” the letter says.

In parallel, the Europeans are studying the formulas to allow the transit of cereals by land, through the so-called Solidarity Corridors. A scenario that generates tension and not a little division between the capitals. Border countries such as Poland, Slovakia and Bulgaria vetoed the entry of Ukrainian agricultural products a few months ago, alleging an existential threat to their farmers and peasants.

The Romanian port of Constanta, a bottleneck for transporting grain from Ukraine

The Romanian Black Sea port of Constanta is trying to adjust to a growing influx of grain from Ukraine, diverted from its traditional export routes by the Russian invasion.

The pressure on Romanian infrastructures since Russia withdrew last month from the agreement that allowed Ukraine to export grain through the Black Sea has increased in recent days in road transport, due to the shelling of Ukrainian river ports on the Danube.

“70% of the cereals reach us by barge on the river,” Dan Dolghin, director of Comvex, one of the companies that receives Ukrainian merchandise in this Romanian city to load on the boats, told AFP.

On July 17, Russia put an end to the international agreement signed under the auspices of the UN and Turkey that allowed the export by sea of 33 million tons of Ukrainian cereals and grains.

Since then, Moscow has systematically attacked the nerve centers that still allow Ukraine to export its crops with a dropper.

The towns of Reni and Izmail, in the Odessa region bordering Romania, used to be the main outlet for Ukrainian agricultural products across the Danube and are now military targets for Russia.

increase the pace

To speed up exports, Romania's railway capacities are gradually increasing, though not without difficulty, due to the difference in track gauge between the two countries.

“There are investments underway at the border to speed up the speed of passage of wagons,” reveals the Comvex executive.

His company has invested more than three million euros to cope with the change in the situation and increase the pace in the port, with Constanta becoming a bottleneck for exports of Ukrainian agricultural raw materials.

“Currently we can load 3,000 tons in an hour” on an outgoing ship, which is “two trainloads of goods,” calculates Dan Dolghin.

Comvex also plans to increase its storage capacity in the coming months by almost 50,000 tons to around 250,000 tons.

Corn, rapeseed, millet…. materials, which are ever more numerous, arrive en masse by all possible routes, be it by boat on the Danube, by train or by road.

Since the beginning of the year, the main Romanian port has received 7.5 million tons of grains harvested by its neighbor, a large exporter, which is almost the same as in all of 2022 (8.7 million).

The port has thus become a nerve center in Europe for the export of this raw material.

tensions

But despite the efforts, this is a challenge. The surrounding roads are saturated with trucks parked for several kilometers waiting to be cleared to unload.

In the waiting line, the vehicles of the Romanians alternate with those transporting Ukrainian cereals and grain. Not without tension: for hours, dozens of trucks remain stopped, without moving a meter.

Although traffic jams are frequent during the harvest period, the war has completely disrupted traffic, getting on the nerves of Romanian farmers and transporters.

“There isn't even a bathroom here,” complains Ovidio, a Romanian driver who prefers not to give his last name.. This trucker considers that the current situation is “abnormal” and “inhumane”.

Romania, with Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary and Slovakia, managed to get the European Union to restrict imports of Ukrainian products until September, and they are pressing to extend the restriction. This has outraged Kiev, which fears it will end up with millions of tons of grain on its hands.

Caught between two fires, the Constanta port authorities want to launch an application at the end of the month that allows booking a discharge time.

But if ships stop coming down the Danube because of the Russian attacks, the situation could become complicated for everyone involved, both on the Ukrainian and Romanian sides.